You've got a lot of questions that aren't just one simple answer, and I am not a Rubicon owner, ha, I'm a glutton for punishment and got the X and adding all the Rubi type stuff, ha.
First,
@Chris has a great detail on lifts
https://wranglertjforum.com/threads/a-beginners-guide-to-lifting-your-jeep-wrangler-tj.733/
Yours looks to me like it has spacers. If you get a 3.5" or 4" kit, you take current springs and spacers out and add new springs that lift the jeep to the new lift height.
The front driveshaft you don't need to worry about, it's long enough the angles don't get extreme, you shouldn't have issues.
When you go above 2", the rear driveshaft is short, the angles extreme, it will cause vibrations. You can offset that 2 ways:
1. Budget - Transfer case drop or Motor Mount Lift - Each is pretty cheap, and changes the angle of the output on the TC....to hopefully lessen the angle and eliminate vibes. Not ideal, but it is a solution, and I inherited it, and if you don't need extreme clearance, and looks and mild wheeling is your goal, this can work.
2. SYE and CV driveshaft, this is far more expensive than solution 1, but much better. This leads to also needing adjustable control arms to fix angles in the axle etc, so there is a chain effect.
I do not know the output of the Rubicon TC if it's that much different, I just haven't researched...didn't need to for me.
Going to 3.5 or 4.5 is absolutely doable, but don't be fooled that it's just that kit, it can lead to much more investment. That's why you'll see many suggest 2.5" suspension lift....and a 1" body lift to get clearance and looks, but hopefully not have to do so much to fix vibes.