Sorry to hear about the hub bolts, those can be a pain.
Yes, it's possible to over-grease the steering. You'll end up popping a hole in the rubber boot and losing a bunch of grease. Eventually you'll ruin the joint after the grease gets contaminated.
That photo looks fine. Yes, they do get close to the rotor but the boot will stretch some. That boot looks like it's maxed out. I wouldn't put anymore grease in that one.