This week I was invited to attend a public announcement and press conference for a major public lands lawsuit that was filed by the State of Utah. The complaint that was filed directly to the Supreme Court, makes the claim that it is unconstitutional for the federal government to hold and manage public land indefinitely that is not already appropriated for any of the federal government’s enumerated powers. As a result, the lawsuit contests that it is unconstitutional for the federal government to own 18.5 million acres of Utah’s over 37 million acres of public land.
If Utah wins this challenge, the federal government will still retain ownership of National Parks, National Monuments, National Forests, Military Installations, and federal buildings - which amounts to 18.8 million acres still left in federal control.
The complaint was written by Paul Clement, who is one of the most talented and successful attorneys at winning major cases - such as this one - before the Supreme Court. I think it’s worth 20 minutes for everyone to read through the complaint to better understand the Constitutional questions that are being raised:
The questions I have, and that many of our members likely have, is if Utah prevails, what will this mean for public access to these lands in Utah moving forward?
Here are my key takeaways:
If Utah wins it would dramatically change land ownership in all Western states.
If FLPMA is unconstitutional, then the relief Utah is seeking would apply to all states where the federal government is indefinitely holding unappropriated lands. Each state will likely react in their own unique ways.
The fight for access to this land will continue, but it will shift to new battlefields
The federal government has been no friend to maintaining broad and diverse recreation access to public lands. It is currently susceptible to substantial capture by numerous special interest groups that want to close millions of acres of public land. Federal land managers in Washington D.C. are constantly conjuring up new regulatory and administrative tools to restrict public access and meet the demands of their environmentalist lawyer overlords. They are forced to divert their resources to lawsuits, never-ending environmental planning, and kicking against the pricks of the mismanagement that results from all of this in the form of fighting catastrophic wildfires. We fight the best we can to preserve the interests of our members in this system that is fundamentally flawed as it chases terrible incentives. We would welcome any change that breaks the monopolization of federal control of these lands that also allows them to continue to be managed as public lands.
The complaint is relatively quiet about what will happen to these lands if Utah wins
The complaint seeks relief in the form of essentially declaring unconstitutional the provisions of the Federal Land Management and Policy Act of 1976 that state that it is the policy of the United States to hold unappropriated federal public land indefinitely. As such, relief would require the federal government to dispose of these lands. The complaint cites historical precedents that suggest the lands would be disposed to the either the State of Utah or private individuals. It’s too early to say what that would look like, but even in this period where the policy is indefinite retention of federal lands, there are disposal programs that allow federal lands to be given to Alaskan Native American veterans or to the city of Las Vegas. A decision in favor of Utah would require new policies to be developed to determine the future of how these lands would be allocated.
The State of Utah would most likely retain for itself the vast majority of these lands.
Utah leaders recognize the value of outdoor recreation in many rural Utah communities, and they would likely manage these lands in a way that would expand and enhance outdoor recreation. Utah manages state parks that get visitation levels and economic impact levels of even the largest national parks, and it would likely find ways to prioritize outdoor recreation just like it has with its state managed lands. Utah’s complaint cites the financial damages that it suffers because the United States reaps all the financial benefits of mineral development on these lands, so Utah clearly wants to play a bigger role in natural resource utilization. There are abundant examples of natural resource utilization and outdoor recreation being uses that can both exist on the same landscape. The complaint doesn’t require privatization of these lands, but it also wouldn’t prevent it. The biggest privatization threats to public lands right now are the BLM’s illegal conservation leasing rule and the proposals like Natural Asset Companies, which would have privatized even the National Parks.
Conclusion
Overall, if you like how Sand Hollow is managed better than how Labyrinth Rims is managed through excessive unnecessary closures, then Utah winning this lawsuit will be a good thing. The Constitutional questions are important, and Western states with lands dominated by federal control deserve to have these questions addressed. If Utah wins, we will likely see efforts at BRC shift away from federal lawsuits to a deeper focus on state policies. Because the complaint excludes lands included in National Monuments, National Parks, and National Forests, challenges with the federal government will continue.
BRC is currently a co-plaintiff with the State of Utah in our challenge to the federal government’s abuse of the Antiquities Act, which is in the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals. We are also partners with them in the challenge to the federal government’s trail closures in Labyrinth Rims in Moab. If we were to judge by the lawsuits we are already fighting together, we believe we could work well with the State of Utah and its current leaders in creating a bright future for these lands if they prevail in this case. |
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