You're about to get a lot of reasons why you can't go to 37's and they will all be good reasons on why you shouldn't, but not can't. Put your plan together and go for it.
Items 1-4
Cheapest way; highline, add wheel spacers, install 37" tires, deal with the consequences via continuous maintenance.
Planned way - there are so many different ways and opinions that will result in similar. Do research, find what parts are available, what you can afford, and go. Don't get caught up in analysis paralysis.
My opinion(and not the only way):
Item 1
Install smallest and highest bumper possible, ensure it doesn't block tires from approaching.
Items 2-4
GR tank and then cut the frame and push the arch back as far as you can and still get the GR tank installed.
Do some sort of mid arm (purchased or designed) which will allow for more travel.
Outbd the rear shocks which will allow for more travel. redo front towers to allow for more travel.
Highline front fenders and highline rear (you will need to address rear anyway since you are pushing axle back).
Upgrade your axles to handle the larger tires. If you can afford it, I would go with a fabbed and built axle, but they are expensive, if you can only justify junk yard axles, do it, just understand that you are going to have to address adding locker, gearing, etc... which is going to add up in costs.
New wheels with proper backspacing to account for your newly installed wider axles.
New tires
If axles didn't come with bigger brakes, bigger brakes.
Item 5
Only carry limber rear passengers. I have an "X" behind my seat and still use the rear seat (on very limited occasions). When I do install rear seat, my son just has to climb through the cage to get into the seat. Not ideal, but pretty much the only way. He prefers to come down through the top of the cage, but when the soft top is installed he has to climb through the back or over the center console in the front. I have also ridden in the back while he was driving and I come down through the top, it is not pretty if I try to climb in from the front.
so for 1, yeah I've already cut down my bumper width wise, not much I could do break over unless maybe I tuck in the winch and cut off some of the frame, but that would require replacing my anti-rock somehow...
2. After discussion above with Apparition, doing some reading and thinking maybe stretch is off the table. Might have to just focus on what options (different tank, relocate tank, lift rear frame/bumper, etc) are available to get what clearance I can without the stretch... but more thought to come
I will have to do something with fenders, but at the moment I'm tabling that until I decide what to do with shocks etc. as it seams that will determine what is needed for clearing the fenders.
As to axles, I do know some people wheel on the Dana 44 with 37's, I don't know if they do the same trails/rocks like I do and I'm not a fan of breaking down on the trail if avoidable. I don't have a heavy foot unlike some people I know, but I would like to be able to bump it when necessary without undue worry. I see some bolt on options like Currie's that say it supports up to 37's, and bolt on would be great for my skill set, but it seems they share some of the same weak points as my Dana 44's so I'm not sure that's worth the money, but I'm not sure what a better option is as I don't know enough about the various options.
Item 5.... someone showed me something that was some sort of 'disconnectable' tube (I want to say it was an upright on front corner of a roll cage by the dash... kind of wondering if there is an option like that where the bar could be removed (along with harnesses) when having passengers and driving lighter trails?