It does look like you're in closed loop on Sensor 1, just not Sensor 2. Closed loop on Sensor 1 happens very fast, like maybe 30 seconds to a few minutes of idling depending on outdoor air temperature and if the car was already warm.
So it might report "closed loop fueling" but might say "not ready" on emissions for example.
What can happen if you have one injector spitting out more fuel than it should is that cylinder runs rich, and the sensor picks up the extra fuel in the exhaust. However, it doesn't know which cylinders have excess fuel, so it pulls fuel equally from all injectors. So three cylinders run lean while one runs very rich.
This also unfortunately tends to destroy the catalytic converter if it goes on too long. The cat gets way too much unburnt air and unburnt fuel and gets extremely hot.
In a six cylinder engine we have the advantage of having two banks, so we could narrow it to one set of three cylinders if we see one bank is way different on fuel trims and one is still fairly close to normal.
However give you report the issue starts after hitting the brakes, that does sound suspicious. If you're in a place where you can safely do it, you could try bypassing the booster and just plugging the vacuum line to see if the issue persists. Note you will have zero brake assist and you will have to stand on the brake pedal to stop. (In an emergency you could pull the parking brake as well.)
(Definitely don't do that test if you think you or anyone else would be at risk.)