Blower speed resistor or something else?

Technically you could probably (very easily) swap the new switch into your old undamaged panel if you are so inclined.

After you've got all your stuff working again, take the old switch and see if you can identify the failure point on it. I'm just curious.
Yeah. I could easily do that swap.

I'll pry the old one apart and see why such a simple device fails.
 
The springs and white nylon blocks perpendicular to the shaft engage positive detents to lock a position.

Appears the switch failure was the plastic body at the end of the shaft seperated from the copper plate than engaged contacts in the housing.

So like you said...if one could source the switch it's likely the rest of the HVAC panel is functional.

-Mac