I've been working in IT for many years. For cloud/NAS, just figure that if your data isn't in at least two places, it can be gone in a second. Your SSD/nvme drive can die and a laptop can be lost or stolen.
At work, all of our network storage is through Microsoft Onedrive/sharepoint. This means that you keep files on your PC in locations that sync with Onedrive (desktop, documents and pictures folders) everytime you close the file. That way it's always in the cloud/Internet in case something happens to your laptop.
For home, I do somewhat regular backups to another hard drive. I also pay monthly for Carbonite (cloud backup).
My work also doesn't allow desktop PC's anymore unless there are special circumstances. Instead, everyone gets a laptop and a docking station. You can connect screens, keyboard, mouse, printers, etc to the dock.
For PC specs, I'd recommend 16GB RAM and 1TB or higher storage space. I prefer AMD hardware. I bought a gaming PC in a black Friday sale: AMD R7 7700 processor with an AMD 7900 GRE video card. My laptop is a Lenovo AMD that around 3 years old. For the most part, you get more for your money with AMD. Regarding AMD not being able to run specific software: That is absolutely false.
I re-evalutate AMD vs. Intel every time I buy a new gaming PC, about every 3 years. This time around AMD was the better deal. Also, Intel has had recent problems with CPU's that have problems and get degraded. That's mostly fixed now, but not an issue with AMD. Bottom line, it doesn't really matter. If you buy a $500 laptop, Intel or AMD is going to be similar. You're unlikely to notice a difference.
For brands, I usually go with Dell or Lenovo. At work, we only buy Dell. Previous 3 jobs over 20 years have only bought Dell. That said, pretty much any name brand is going to be fine. HP is also decent, but not my first choice. Again, for the most part, they're all the same components and you're going to get what you pay for.
If you need something higher performance (Gaming, CAD, video editing) I'd consider a gaming laptop. Only down side to a gaming laptop is if you need it to be portable: Gaming laptop batteries don't last as long because of the higher end video card. They also weigh more and are often thicker. I have a friend that is a surveyor and does some CAD. He just gets a gaming laptop when he needs a new one.