The black and white plastic is a check valve that closes when the engines vacuum decreases during heavy acceleration.
The broken poly tubing on the outlet side of the check valve is supposed to be routed thru the black sponge material between where the heater hoses and A/C lines.
You need to remove your glove compartment tray to access the other end of the broken poly tubing; repair or replace the broken poly tubing to restore the vacuum to the A/C controls.