Stock wheels have roughly 5.5" of backspacing, except for Rubicon rims, which have 5".
The actual backspacing requirement will depend on the rim width and the width of the tire. Generally for a 15x8, 16x8, or 17x8 wheel with 12.5 wide tires, 3.75" of backspacing is recommended. ~4.75" or less is recommended for 10.5 wide tires. (Different sizes can be interpolated.)
A wheel spacer has the effect of subtracting its thickness from the backspacing. For example, if I have a Rubicon 16x8 rim (5" backspacing) and throw a 1.25" spacer behind it, the effective backspacing is now 3.75".