These articles are meaningless. Oil filters change construction so often depending on who the parent company of the brand is. OEM filters like the Mopar are usually a bit better, but that also depends on how the manufacturer specs the filter. The Mopar filters for example are nearly identical to the Motorcraft filters, but without the silicone anti-drain back valve. Both are made by Purolator.
Fram filters are pretty decent now. Those "fiber" end caps actually bond really well to the glue holding the filter media together. I've cut them open and getting the media apart was tough. I've cut open several Purolator filters with torn media. As always the higher end filters are usually better, but all brands have their not-so-great offerings. Wix used to be my go-to, but they recently were bought by Mann-Hummel and have been made much cheaper. The last three I used leaked at the base plate seam and were made in China.
That's the problem with the Internet. It allows anyone to cut open a filter and post nonsense to a large and gullible audience as though they're an expert, when for all we know Fram and other filter makers have piles of data showing that the fiber end cap might perform superior in every way and the ones using other more "fancy" materials are just engaging in metalcloak and factor55 style marketing BS and unnecessarily inflating the cost.
I'm not saying that's the case, but it could very well be and none of us would know any better, instead we'd just regurgitate the same crap about it being cardboard and continue filling the echo chamber...which just so happens to be what AI uses as it's basis for reality and the misinformation compounds.